Vinicius Jr received the support of the majority of the national team captains for the FIFA Best Men's Player Award after the Real Madrid star claimed the honour.
The Brazilian forward was controversially overlooked for the Ballon d'Or in October, when Manchester City's Rodri was given the honor after winning the Premier League and European Championship with Spain.
But Vinicius, who won LaLiga and the Champions League with Madrid last season, won the Best FIFA award this time and was in Qatar to collect his gong from Gianni Infantino.
Vinicius defeated Rodri by five points, with 48 votes to Rodri's 43.
Vinicius' Madrid teammate Jude Bellingham took third spot with 37, while another Los Blancos player, Dani Carvajal, came fourth with 31.
Voting was held by the national team captains, coaches, media representatives and fans, with their top three receiving five points, three points or one point respectively.
The nominated players then scored between one and thirteen points, depending on their final position in each jury group.
Vinicius was the overwhelming winner of the captain's vote, receiving 617 points, compared to Rodri's total of 373.
Vinicius was backed by Real Madrid teammates Luka Modric and David Alaba, the captain of the Croatia and Austria national teams, with the pair choosing him as their first choice.
Brazilian captain Danilo also selected his international teammate as his first choice, with Jude Bellingham and Lamine Yamal completing his squad.
Egyptian captain Mohamed Salah chose Vinicius ahead of Rodri and Real Madrid and Spanish defender Dani Carvajal, while the Liverpool and Netherlands captain chose the Brazilian star ahead of Erling Haaland and Rodri.
Arsenal and Norway captain Martin Odegaard named Vinicius as his first choice, before casting his votes for second and third place on Man City duo Rodri and Haaland.
In contrast, England captain Harry Kane named Rodri as his first choice for the annual FIFA award.
Kane gave his three points to Three Lions' teammate Bellingham, while Vinicius received his only point.
Tottenham and South Korea captain Son Heung-min also voted for Rodri, with Vinicius and Carvajal completing his top three.
The Portugal captain vote was cast by Bernardo Silva, despite Cristiano Ronaldo captaining the national team, with the Man City star choosing Rodri, Vinicius and Haaland as his top three.
Man United defender Victor Lindelof, Sweden's captain, voted for the same trio.
Argentina captain Lionel Messi, a three-time winner of the award, named Yamal, Kylian Mbappe and Vinicius as his top three.
Despite winning the Ballon d'Or, Rodri was not the first choice of Spain captain Alvaro Morata or head coach Luis de la Fuente.
Morata and De la Fuente both went with an all-Spanish top three of Carvajal, Rodri and Yamal.
Rodri was generally preferred by coaches than Vinicius, with the Spanish midfielder earning 461 points compared to the striker's 438.
The England coach's vote was cast by interim boss Lee Carsley, who selected Bellingham, Rodri and Yamal as his top three.
Rodri also beat Vinicius in the media vote, receiving 543 points to 538, but the Brazilian dominated the fans' votes by claiming 1.1 million points to the Man City star's 264,835.
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